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G. biloba in Tournai, Belgium. Ginkgos are large trees, normally reaching a height of 20–35 m (66–115 ft), [10] with some specimens in China being over 50 m (165 ft). ). The tree has an angular crown and long, somewhat erratic branches, and is usually deep-rooted and resistant to wind and snow dam
Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo: The leaf extract has been used to treat asthma, bronchitis, fatigue, Alzheimer's and tinnitus. [81] Glechoma hederacea: Ground-ivy It has been used as a "lung herb". [82] Other traditional uses include as an expectorant, astringent, and to treat bronchitis. [83]
medicinal use is heavily disputed: Kokam: Garcinia indica: Clusiaceae: tree culinary fruit peel also used to make beverages, and as an oilseed: Wood avens: Geum urbanum: Rosaceae: perennial herb culinary, medicinal root Ginkgo: Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgoaceae: tree medicinal leaves seeds also eaten: Ground-ivy: Glechoma hederacea: Lamiaceae ...
The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a living fossil, with fossils similar to the modern plant dating back to the Permian, 270 million years ago. The closest living relatives of the clade are the cycads, [4] which share with the extant G. biloba the characteristic of motile sperm.
Ginkgolide B, specifically, is a diterpenoid trilactone with six five-membered rings. It contains a spiro[4,4]-nonane carbocyclic ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, and a very specific tert-butyl group at one of the rings (Figure 1).
Ginkgo gingko Ginkgo biloba: Aspirin, warfarin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, garlic, vitamin E [15] With aspirin – retards aspirin absorption [3] Ginseng: Panax ginseng: Warfarin [15] Papaya extract Carica papaya: Warfarin Damage to GI tract mucous membranes [3] Kava: kava-kava Piper methysticum: Sedatives, sleeping pills ...
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Bilobalide is important for producing several of the effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts, and it has neuroprotective effects, [3] [4] as well as inducing the liver enzymes CYP3A1 and CYP1A2, [5] which may be partially responsible for interactions between ginkgo and other herbal medicines or pharmaceutical drugs.