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This comparison of Standard Chinese transcription systems comprises a list of all syllables which are considered phonemically distinguishable within Standard Chinese. Gwoyeu Romatzyh employs a different spelling for each tone , whereas other systems employ tone marks or superscript numerals.
The Hokkien language uses a broad array of honorific suffixes or prefixes for addressing or referring to people. Most are suffixes. Honorifics are often non-gender-neutral; some imply a feminine context (such as sió-chiá) while others imply a masculine one (such as sian-siⁿ), and still others imply both.
Meaning Chinese Character (Traditional) Chinese Character Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref uang: money: 環: 环: Hakka: vàn circle, ring, round Min Nan: hoân ubin: floortile: 油面 油面 Min Nan: iû-bin to paint + surface ungti: giant puppet (ondel-ondel) 像體 像体 Min Nan: siōng-thé statue + body
Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Taiwanese Hokkien: [pe˩ˀ o̯e̞˩ d͡ʑi˧] ⓘ, English approximation: / p eɪ w eɪ ˈ dʒ iː / pay-way-JEE; abbr. POJ; lit. ' vernacular writing '), sometimes known as Church Romanization, is an orthography used to write variants of Hokkien Southern Min, [2] particularly Taiwanese and Amoy Hokkien, and it is widely employed as one of the writing systems for Southern Min.
[4] [5] As Tâi-lô is not encoded in Big5, the prevalent encoding used in Traditional Chinese, some Taiwanese Romanization System letters are not directly encoded in Unicode, instead should be typed using combining diacritical marks officially.
The use of the word 老外 began in the 1980s, likely as an abbreviation of the term 外國人 (foreigner) into 外 plus the prefix 老.. As characters and words, 老 lǎo means "old; senior; aged"; 外 wài means "out; outside; external; outer", and by extension various meanings including "appearance; faraway; distant; non-local; foreign; informal; other; unorthodox".
For example, Scotland is rendered as 蘇格蘭 in Chinese. This is pronounced as Sū-gé-lán in Mandarin Chinese, a somewhat faithful transcription of the original name. However, as applied to all Chinese characters, 蘇格蘭 can be transliterated into Vietnamese as Tô Cách Lan, which strays a bit further from the native English and Scots name.
The article provided direct translations of the meanings of Chinese words, leading to the creation of potential new names for individuals of Chinese descent. For instance, individuals bearing the name Kok (國), which signifies "country", might possess names with the Indonesian translation "negara".