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In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
A worldview (also world-view) or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. [1] A worldview can include natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ...
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. [1] [2] Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Specific techniques often used in schema therapy include flash cards with important therapeutic messages, created in session and used by the patient between sessions, [17] and the schema diary—a template or workbook that is filled out by the patient between sessions and that records the patient's progress in relation to all the theoretical ...
An image schema (both schemas and schemata are used as plural forms) is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. As an understudy to embodied cognition , image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions, [ 1 ] from linguistic experience, and from historical context.
A schema is needed to execute, carry out, or realize this unifying idea and put it into effect. This schema is a sketch or outline of the way that the parts of knowledge are organized into a whole system of science. A schema which is sketched, designed, or drafted in accordance with accidental, empirical purposes results in mere technical unity.
These three "worlds" are not proposed as isolated universes but rather are realms or levels within the known universe. Their numbering reflects their temporal order within the known universe and that the later realms emerged as products of developments within the preceding realms. A one-word description of each realm is that World 1 is the material realm, World 2 is the mental realm, and World ...
[A] [a] In psychology, a conceptual system is an individual's mental model of the world; in cognitive science the model is gradually diffused to the scientific community; in a society the model can become an institution. [b] In humans, a conceptual system may be understood as kind of a metaphor for the world. [3]