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Hill forts in Scotland typically date from the Bronze and Iron Ages, but post-Roman inhabitation of many sites is also important. The remains today typically survive only as earthworks with occasional traces of structural stone in varying quantity. Remains of vitrified forts are also found throughout Scotland.
Hillforts in Scotland are earthworks, sometimes with wooden or stone enclosures, built on higher ground, which usually include a significant settlement, built within the modern boundaries of Scotland. They were first studied in the eighteenth century and the first serious field research was undertaken in the nineteenth century.
The Latvian word for hillfort is pilskalns (plural: pilskalni), from pils (castle) and kalns (hill). Hillforts in Latvia offered not only military and administrative functions but they were also cultural and economic centres of some regions. Latvian hillforts generally were a part of a complex consisting of the main fortress, the settlement ...
List of hillforts on the Isle of Man; List of hillforts in Northern Ireland; List of hillforts in Scotland; List of hillforts in England. List of hillforts in the Peak District; List of hillforts and ancient settlements in Somerset; Other List of Estonian fortresses contains a common list of castles, fortresses, forts, an hillforts.
The spellings "hill fort", "hill-fort" and "hillfort" are all used in the archaeological literature. The Monument Type Thesaurus published by the Forum on Information Standards in Heritage lists hillfort as the preferred term. [9] They all refer to an elevated site with one or more ramparts made of earth, stone and/or wood, with an external ...
Vitrified forts are stone enclosures whose walls have been subjected to vitrification through heat. [1] It was long thought that these structures were unique to Scotland, but they have since been identified in several other parts of western and northern Europe.
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The Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland was an online database of hillforts―fortified settlements built in the Bronze Age and Iron Age―in the British Isles. It was compiled by researchers from the University of Edinburgh , the University of Oxford and University College Cork , led by Ian Ralston and Gary Lock .