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  2. Baltic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_languages

    Old Prussian, a Western Baltic language that became extinct in the 18th century, had possibly conserved the greatest number of properties from Proto-Baltic. [7] Although related, Lithuanian, Latvian, and particularly Old Prussian have lexicons that differ substantially from one another and so the languages are not mutually intelligible.

  3. Balto-Slavic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages

    This bipartite division into Baltic and Slavic was first challenged in the 1960s, when Vladimir Toporov and Vyacheslav Ivanov observed that the apparent difference between the "structural models" of the Baltic languages and the Slavic languages is the result of the innovative nature of Proto-Slavic, and that the latter had evolved from an ...

  4. Lithuanian language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language

    [66] [67] [68] Russian governorates with significant Lithuanian populations had one of the highest population literacy rates: Vilna Governorate (in 1897 ~23.6–50% Lithuanian of whom 37% were literate), Kovno Governorate (in 1897 66% Lithuanian of whom 55.3% were literate), Suwałki Governorate (in 1897 in counties of the governorate where ...

  5. East Slavic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slavic_languages

    East Slavic languages are currently spoken natively throughout Eastern Europe, and eastwards to Siberia and the Russian Far East. [1] In part due to the large historical influence of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the Russian language is also spoken as a lingua franca in many regions of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Of the three ...

  6. Slavic honorifics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_honorifics

    Pan is used to varying degrees in a number of Slavic languages – the West Slavic languages Polish, Czech, Slovak, East Slavic languages Ukrainian and Belarusian, and the Balto-Slavic language Lithuanian (Ponas). Historically, Pan was equivalent to "Lord" or "Master" (ruler, suzerain). Pan and its variations are most common in Poland.

  7. Ruthenian language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenian_language

    Ruthenian (ру́скаꙗ мо́ва or ру́скїй ѧзы́къ; [1] [2] [failed verification] see also other names) is an exonymic linguonym for a closely related group of East Slavic linguistic varieties, particularly those spoken from the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in East Slavic regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

  8. East Baltic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Baltic_languages

    The East Baltic languages are less archaic than their Western counterparts, with Latvian being the most innovative Baltic language. Certain linguistic features of East Baltic languages are usually explained by contacts with their Baltic Finnic neighbours. It is believed that stress retraction in Latvian is a consequence of their influence.

  9. Lithuanians in Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanians_in_Russia

    According to the 2010 Russian census, 31,377 (0.023% of the total population of Russia) declared themselves as Lithuanians. [1] According to the 2021 Russian census, 13,230 (0.01%) declared themselves as Lithuanians. [2] As of 2019 Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs listed some 20 Lithuanian associations registered in Russia. [3]