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A subset S of a partially ordered set P is called bounded above if there is an element k in P such that k ≥ s for all s in S. The element k is called an upper bound of S. The concepts of bounded below and lower bound are defined similarly. (See also upper and lower bounds.)
[2] [3] Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized [1] (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound.
Epigeal vs. hypogeal germination. Epigeal germination (Ancient Greek ἐπίγαιος [epígaios] 'above ground', from ἐπί [epí] 'on' and γῆ [gê] 'earth, ground') is a botanical term indicating that the germination of a plant takes place above the ground. An example of a plant with epigeal germination is the common bean (Phaseolus ...
A real-valued function is bounded if and only if it is bounded from above and below. [ 1 ] [ additional citation(s) needed ] An important special case is a bounded sequence , where X {\displaystyle X} is taken to be the set N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } of natural numbers .
Hypogeal germination (from Ancient Greek ὑπόγειος [hupógeios] 'below ground', from ὑπό [hupó] 'below' and γῆ [gê] 'earth, ground') is a botanical term indicating that the germination of a plant takes place below the ground. An example of a plant with hypogeal germination is the pea (Pisum sativum). The opposite of hypogeal is ...
A geophyte (earth+plant) is a plant with an underground storage organ including true bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, enlarged hypocotyls, and rhizomes. Most plants with underground stems are geophytes but not all plants that are geophytes have underground stems. Geophytes are often physiologically active even when they lack leaves.
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In forest ecology , the canopy is the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms ( epiphytes , lianas , arboreal animals , etc.). [ 4 ]
Epigean – occurring on the ground. Epigeic – plants with stolons on the ground. Epigeous – on the ground. Used for leaf fungus that live on the surface of the leaf. Epiphloedal – growing on the bark of trees. Epiphloedic – an organism that grows on the bark of trees. Epiphyllous – growing on the leaves.