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Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) is the application of surveying to correct for common errors in current satellite navigation (GNSS) systems. [1] It uses measurements of the phase of the signal's carrier wave in addition to the information content of the signal and relies on a single reference station or interpolated virtual station to ...
Clock recovery is very closely related to the problem of carrier recovery, which is the process of re-creating a phase-locked version of the carrier when a suppressed carrier modulation scheme is used. These problems were first addressed in a 1956 paper, which introduced a clock-recovery method now known as the Costas loop. [3]
On December 1, 2011, Carrier IQ issued a "clarification" to its November 23 statements: "While a few individuals have identified that there is a great deal of information available to the Carrier IQ software inside the handset, our software does not record, store or transmit the contents of SMS messages, email, photographs, audio or video.
If the phase-offset/delay of the multiply-filter-divide system is known, it can be compensated for to recover the correct phase. In practice, applying this phase compensation is complicated. [4] In general, the modulation's order matches the nonlinear operator required to produce a clean carrier harmonic. As an example, consider a BPSK signal.
OCX Block 1 is an upgrade to OCX Block 0, at which time the OCX system achieves Initial Operating Capability (IOC). Once Block 1 is deployed, OCX will for the first time be able to command and control both Block II and Block III GPS satellites, as well as support the ability to begin broadcasting the civilian L1C signal. [18]
An over-the-air update (or OTA update), also known as over-the-air programming (or OTA programming), [1] is an update to an embedded system that is delivered through a wireless network, such as Wi-Fi or a cellular network. [2] [3] [4] These embedded systems include mobile phones, tablets, set-top boxes, cars and telecommunications equipment.
The duration of each pulse (ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 seconds, with 0.2 second blank intervals between each pulse) differed in a fixed pattern, and repeated every ten seconds; the 10-second pattern was common to all 8 stations and synchronized with the carrier phase angle, which itself was synchronized with the local master atomic clock.
Given a carrier frequency offset,Δ, the received continuous-time signal will be rotated by a constant frequency and is in the form of , = | = (+) + + The carrier frequency offset can first be normalized with respect to the sub carrier spacing (= / ()) and then decomposed into the integral component () and fractional component (), that is, = (+) and <.