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The Cleveland open-cup method is one of three main methods in chemistry for determining the flash point of a petroleum product using a Cleveland open-cup apparatus, also known as a Cleveland open-cup tester. [1] First, the test cup of the apparatus (usually brass) is filled to a certain level with a portion of the product.
In open cup devices, the sample is contained in an open cup which is heated and, at intervals, a flame brought over the surface. The measured flash point will actually vary with the height of the flame above the liquid surface and, at sufficient height, the measured flash point temperature will coincide with the fire point.
This allows the development of an equilibrium between the liquid and the air volume. The ignition source is directed into the cup at regular intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The test concludes upon observation of a flash that spreads throughout the inside of the cup. The corresponding temperature is the liquid's flash point.
A flammable liquid is a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 °C (140 °F), or any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8 °C (100 °F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk packaging. The following exceptions apply:
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Smoke point decreases at a different pace in different oils. [10] Considerably above the temperature of the smoke point is the flash point, the point at which the vapours from the oil can ignite in air, given an ignition source. The following table presents smoke points of various fats and oils.
Most tables of material properties will only list material flash points. In general, the fire point can be assumed to be about 10 °C higher than the flash point, [2] although this is no substitute for testing if the fire point is safety critical. [2] Testing of the fire point is done by open cup apparatus. [2] [3]
Includes liquids having a flash point at or above 100 °F (38 °C) but below 200 °F (93 °C) (e.g., diesel fuel). 1. Materials that must be preheated before ignition will occur. Includes liquids, solids and semi solids having a flash point above 200 °F (93 °C) (e.g., canola oil). 0. Materials that will not burn (e.g., Water).