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Cancer Associated Retinopathy (CAR) also known as Carcinoma Associated Retinopathy is an immune-mediated disease affecting the retina of the eye. It is a paraneoplastic type autoimmune retinopathy associated with cancer that can cause blindness. It can be seen in association with various types of cancers.
Iridocyclitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body with inflammation predominantly confined to the ciliary body. Between 66% and 90% of uveitis cases are anterior in location (iritis). [4] This condition can occur as a single episode and subside with proper treatment or may take on a recurrent or chronic nature.
Uveal melanoma is a type of eye cancer in the uvea of the eye. [4] It is traditionally classed as originating in the iris, choroid, and ciliary body, but can also be divided into class I (low metastatic risk) and class II (high metastatic risk). [4]
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit.It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa–Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment.
All squamous cell carcinoma lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics. Accumulation of these cancer cells causes a microscopic focus of abnormal cells that are, at least initially, locally confined within the specific tissue in which the progenitor cell resided.
The interior of the eye lacks lymph vessels but is highly vascularized, and many immune cells reside in the uvea, including mostly macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. [1] These cells fight off intraocular infections, and intraocular inflammation can manifest as uveitis (including iritis) or retinitis. The cornea of the eye is ...
If there is an underlying cause, treatment should be given based on the disease. Non specific treatment measures include cycloplegics , corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs . [ 2 ] The biologic drugs that are currently used in treatment of panuveitis include anti tumor necrosis factor , cytokine receptor antibodies and interferon-α .
The diagnosis of UGH Syndrome is mainly based on patient history and eye examination. Patient will have history of cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Slit-lamp examination may reveal hyphaema, aqueous cells and flare, iris neovascularization, mispositioned IOL, iris-lens contact, iris transillumination defects etc. [2]