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Broken plurals can also be found in languages that have borrowed words from Arabic, for instance Persian, Pashto, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Sindhi, and Urdu. Sometimes in these languages the same noun has both a broken plural Arabic form and a local plural. In Persian this kind of plural is known by its Arabic term jam'-e mokassar (جَمِع ...
These singulative nouns in turn can be pluralized, using either the broken plural or the sound feminine plural in -āt; this "plural of paucity" is used especially when counting objects between 3 and 10, and sometimes also with the meaning of "different kinds of ...". (When more than 10 objects are counted, Arabic requires the noun to be in the ...
These plural patterns are shared with other varieties of Arabic and may also be applied to foreign borrowings: such as faːtuːra (plural: fwaːtiːr), from the Italian fattura, invoice. [9] The plural of loanwords may be sound or broken. [14] Several patterns of broken plurals exist and it is not possible to exactly predict them. [15]
In the latter case, -ya is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while -ī is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of ...
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a usually unwritten فَتْحَة fatḥah (-a) for the definite or fatḥah + nunation (-an) for the indefinite. For the indefinite accusative, the fatḥah + nunation is added to an ا alif , e.g. ـًا , which is added to the ending of all nouns not ending with a alif followed by ...
There are many broken plurals (also called internal plurals), in which the consonantal root of the singular is changed. [242] These plural patterns are shared with other varieties of Arabic and may also be applied to foreign borrowings. [242] Several patterns of broken plurals exist, and it is impossible to predict them exactly. [248]
Many nouns borrowed from Arabic feminine forms pluralize using the āt (ات) suffix. Nouns borrowed from Arabic human forms often pluralize using the īn (ین). The most challenging type of noun pluralization is for the class of what are termed Arabic broken plurals, which are formed through internal vowel alternation. These nouns pluralize ...
Diagram of one version of the derivation of the Arabic word muslim in autosegmental phonology, with root consonants associating (shown by dotted grey lines). Nonconcatenative morphology , also called discontinuous morphology and introflection , is a form of word formation and inflection in which the root is modified and which does not involve ...