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Aldose reductase activity increases as the glucose concentration rises in diabetes in those tissues that are not insulin sensitive, which include the lenses, peripheral nerves, and glomerulus. Sorbitol does not diffuse through cell membranes easily and therefore accumulates, causing osmotic damage which leads to retinopathy and neuropathy.
Type 1 diabetes is a disease caused by the lack of insulin. Thus, insulin is the main treatment agent for type 1 and is typically administered via subcutaneous injection. Type 2 diabetes is a disease of insulin resistance by cells. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.
In enzymology, aldose reductase (or aldehyde reductase) (EC 1.1.1.21) is an enzyme in humans encoded by the gene AKR1B1.It is an cytosolic NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of a variety of aldehydes and carbonyls, including monosaccharides, and primarily known for catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol, the first step in polyol pathway of glucose metabolism.
A woman has undergone a stem-cell therapy made from her own cells, to treat her type 1 diabetes. Researchers in China discovered the woman did not need to use insulin 75 days after the procedure ...
As both type 1 and 2 diabetes are associated with reduction of functional β cells, this effect is highly interesting regarding diabetes treatment. [12] Considered almost as important as the effect of enhancing insulin secretion, GLP-1 has been shown to inhibit glucagon secretion at glucose levels above fasting levels.
Amide reduction is a reaction in organic synthesis where an amide is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde functional group. [1] [2] Catalytic hydrogenation
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