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In the natural sciences, especially in atmospheric and Earth sciences involving applied statistics, an anomaly is a persisting deviation in a physical quantity from its expected value, e.g., the systematic difference between a measurement and a trend or a model prediction. [1]
Many attempts have been made in the statistical and computer science communities to define an anomaly. The most prevalent ones include the following, and can be categorised into three groups: those that are ambiguous, those that are specific to a method with pre-defined thresholds usually chosen empirically, and those that are formally defined:
Mean anomaly, a measure of time in the study of orbital dynamics Pioneer anomaly , the observed deviation of the trajectories of some uncrewed space probes, and especially Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 South Atlantic Anomaly , an area where the Earth's inner Van Allen radiation belt comes closest to the Earth's surface
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a ...
Define ℓ as the mean longitude, the angular distance of the body from the same reference direction, assuming it moves with uniform angular motion as with the mean anomaly. Thus mean anomaly is also [6] = . Mean angular motion can also be expressed, = , where μ is the gravitational parameter, which varies with the masses of the objects, and a ...
In quantum physics an anomaly or quantum anomaly is the failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action to be a symmetry of any regularization of the full quantum theory. [1] [2] In classical physics, a classical anomaly is the failure of a symmetry to be restored in the limit in which the symmetry-breaking parameter goes to zero.
Henry Bauer, emeritus professor of science studies at Virginia Tech, writes that anomalistics is "a politically correct term for the study of bizarre claims", [5] while David J. Hess of the Department of Science and Technology Studies at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute describes it as being "the scientific study of anomalies defined as ...
In physics, quantum mechanics, and quantum field theory, an anomaly is a breaking of a symmetry which exists at the classical level. Anomalous global symmetries are often consistent, but anomalous gauge symmetries are usually inconsistent.