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A hypoeutectoid carbon steel (carbon composition smaller than the eutectoid one) is heated to approximately 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F) above the austenictic temperature (A 3), whereas a hypereutectoid steel is heated to a temperature above the eutectoid one (A 1) for a certain number of hours; this ensures all the ferrite transforms into ...
4340 steel is an ultra-high strength steel classified a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel. 4340 ... The mechanical properties of 4340 are highly dependent on the heat ...
Steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties. Steel specified by chemical composition. ... Carbon steels 1.1141 1.0401 1.0453: C15D C18D: 1010 1018 ...
0.60–0.75% carbon: machine parts, chisels, setscrews; properties include medium hardness with good toughness and shock resistance. 0.76–0.90% carbon: forging dies, hammers, and sledges. 0.91–1.10% carbon: general purpose tooling applications that require a good balance of wear resistance and toughness, such as rasps, drills, cutters, and ...
The properties of steel depend on its microstructure: the arrangement of different phases, some harder, some with greater ductility. At the atomic level, the four phases of auto steel include martensite (the hardest yet most brittle), bainite (less hard), ferrite (more ductile), and austenite (the most ductile). The phases are arranged by ...
For a eutectoid steel (0.76% C), between 6 and 10% of austenite, called retained austenite, will remain. The percentage of retained austenite increases from insignificant for less than 0.6% C steel, to 13% retained austenite at 0.95% C and 30–47% retained austenite for a 1.4% carbon steel. A very rapid quench is essential to create martensite.