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The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological test developed during the 1930s by Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan at Harvard University. Proponents of the technique assert that subjects' responses, in the narratives they make up about ambiguous pictures of people, reveal their underlying motives, concerns, and the ...
For Verbal Items, the child answers questions that address a broad range of general knowledge topics. Matrix Reasoning - the child looks at an incomplete matrix and selects the missing portion from 4 or 5 response options. Bug Search - the child uses an ink dauber to mark the image of a bug in the search group that matches the target bug.
A revised edition was published in 1974 as the WISC-R (Wechsler, 1974), featuring the same subtests. However, the age range was changed from 5–15 to 6–16. The third edition was published in 1991 (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) and brought with it a new subtest as a measure of processing speed.
Wechsler believed that "mental age norms clearly did not apply to adults." [6] Wechsler criticized the then existing Binet scale because "it did not consider that intellectual performance could deteriorate as a person grew older." [6] These criticisms of the 1937 Binet test helped produce the Wechsler–Bellevue scale, released in 1939.
To create their test, Binet and Simon first created a baseline of intelligence. A wide range of children were tested on a broad spectrum of measures in an effort to discover a clear indicator of intelligence. Failing to find a single identifier of intelligence, Binet and Simon instead compared children in each category by age.
The median reliability for the 3-6 age band is .85 (range .69-.92) and .87 (range .74-.93) for 7-18. Retest reliabilities of the global scales ranged from 0.72 to 0.94 where retest stability increasing with age.
The test is currently in its second edition, published in 2015. [2] Both editions are suitable for evaluation of intellectual giftedness, [3] and high scores are accepted as qualifying evidence for high IQ societies such as Intertel (min. IQ ≥ 135) and American Mensa (min. IQ ≥ 130). [4] [5]
The Differential Ability Scales (DAS) is a nationally normed (in the US), and individually administered battery of cognitive and achievement tests. Into its second edition (DAS-II), the test can be administered to children ages 2 years 6 months to 17 years 11 months across a range of developmental levels.