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A BIER vessel evaluates the resistance of biological indicators to moist heat sterilization. [1] For example, if a 90% reduction is determined to be 5 minutes for the microorganism being evaluated, then a D-value of 5 is assigned. D values are specific to starting bioload, substrate (the material the spores are on), and microbe species.
A mnemonic which includes color name(s) generally reduces the chances of confusing black and brown. Some mnemonics that are easy to remember: Big Boys Race Our Young Girls But Violet Generally Wins.
The silicon bandgap temperature sensor is an extremely common form of temperature sensor (thermometer) used in electronic equipment.Its main advantage is that it can be included in a silicon integrated circuit at very low cost.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition, in particular body fat and muscle mass, where a weak electric current flows through the body, and the voltage is measured in order to calculate impedance (resistance and reactance) of the body.
The limiting oxygen index (LOI) is the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as a percentage, that will support combustion of a polymer. It is measured by passing a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen over a burning specimen, and reducing the oxygen level until a critical level is reached.
Loss on ignition (LOI) is a test used in inorganic analytical chemistry and soil science, particularly in the analysis of minerals and the chemical makeup of soil. It consists of strongly heating ( "igniting" ) a sample of the material at a specified temperature, allowing volatile substances to escape, until its mass ceases to change.
Metal-oxide varistor manufactured by Siemens & Halske AG. Modern varistor schematic symbol, which is the same as a thermistor symbol [1]. A varistor (a.k.a. voltage-dependent resistor (VDR)) is a surge protecting electronic component with an electrical resistance that varies with the applied voltage. [2]
The Callendar–Van Dusen equation is an equation that describes the relationship between resistance (R) and temperature (T) of platinum resistance thermometers (RTD).. As commonly used for commercial applications of RTD thermometers, the relationship between resistance and temperature is given by the following equations.