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To commit a change in git on the command line, assuming git is installed, the following command is run: [1] git commit -m 'commit message' This is also assuming that the files within the current directory have been staged as such: [2] git add . The above command adds all of the files in the working directory to be staged for the git commit.
Version control systems attach metadata to changesets. Typical metadata includes a description provided by the programmer (a "commit message" in Git lingo), the name of the author, the date of the commit, etc. [9] Unique identifiers are an important part of the metadata which version control systems attach to changesets.
git add [file], which adds a file to git's working directory (files about to be committed). git commit -m [commit message], which commits the files from the current working directory (so they are now part of the repository's history). A .gitignore file may be created in a Git repository as a plain text file.
A Darcs patch can contain changes of the following kinds: line changes, file and directory creation and deletion, file and directory moving, word substitution (typically used in code refactoring, for instance rename all occurrences of "foo" to "bar" in a given file). The notion of dependency between patches is defined syntactically.
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On many version control systems with atomic multi-change commits, a change list (or CL), change set, update, or patch identifies the set of changes made in a single commit. This can also represent a sequential view of the source code, allowing the examination of source as of any particular changelist ID.
Common operations (such as commits, viewing history, and reverting changes) are faster for DVCS, because there is no need to communicate with a central server. [5] With DVCS, communication is necessary only when sharing changes among other peers. Allows private work, so users can use their changes even for early drafts they do not want to publish.
Refactoring is usually motivated by noticing a code smell. [2] For example, the method at hand may be very long, or it may be a near duplicate of another nearby method. Once recognized, such problems can be addressed by refactoring the source code, or transforming it into a new form that behaves the same as before but that no longer "smells".