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The image shows a rotation of the director about 180° in a cholesteric phase. The corresponding distance is the half-pitch, p/2. A cholesteric liquid-crystal display (ChLCD) is a display containing a liquid crystal with a helical structure and which is therefore chiral. Cholesteric liquid crystals are also known as chiral nematic liquid ...
However, some liquid crystals are biaxial nematic, meaning that in addition to orienting their long axis, they also orient along a secondary axis. [29] Nematic crystals have fluidity similar to that of ordinary (isotropic) liquids but they can be easily aligned by an external magnetic or electric field.
The distortion free energy density in a nematic liquid crystal is a measure of the increase in the Helmholtz free energy per unit volume due to deviations in the orientational ordering away from a uniformly aligned nematic director configuration. The total free energy density for a nematic is therefore given by:
It is a liquid crystal material forming cholesteric liquid crystals with helical structure. It can be used with cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl oleyl carbonate in some thermochromic liquid crystals. It is used in some hair colors, make-ups, and some other cosmetic preparations. [1]
Mesophases between solid and liquid. Georges Friedel (1922) called attention to the "mesomorphic states of matter" [3] in his scientific assessment of observations of the so-called liquid crystals. Conventionally a crystal is solid, and crystallization converts liquid to solid. The oxymoron of the liquid crystal is resolved through the notion ...
The molecular design approach of Martin Schadt and his team has led to the discovery, patenting and production of the following commercially important liquid crystal classes: alkyl cyano Schiff'bases and esters (1971), [2] phenyl-pyrimidines (1977), alkenyl liquid crystals which have become key for all state-of-the-art high-information content ...
In optics, a nematicon is a spatial soliton in nematic liquid crystals (NLC). The name was invented in 2003 by G. Assanto. [1] and used thereafter [2] [3] Nematicons are generated by a special type of optical nonlinearity present in NLC: the light induced reorientation of the molecular director (i.e. the average molecular orientation).
The terms “active fluids”, “active nematics” and “active liquid crystals” have been used almost synonymously to denote hydrodynamic descriptions of dense active matter. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] While in many respects they describe the same phenomenon, there are subtle differences between them.