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A token economy is a system of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforcers. [1] A token economy is based on the principles of operant conditioning and behavioral economics and can be situated within applied behavior analysis ...
One form of contingency management is the token economy system. [2] Token systems can be used in an individual or group format. [3] Token systems are successful with a diverse array of populations including those suffering from addiction, [4] those with special needs, [5] and those experiencing delinquency. [6] However, recent research ...
These may be delivered in a token economy or a level system. [9] In general, the reward component is considered effective. For example, Cotton (1988) reviewed 37 studies on tokens, praise, and other reward systems and found them to be effective in managing student classroom behavior. [10]
Vivo Class (formerly Vivo Miles) is a private company based in London, UK that sells a web-based rewards system to schools. [1] Founded in 2007, it was first used at Westminster Academy in London . In August 2014, Vivo Miles was rebranded as Vivo Class for teachers.
A 2005 meta-analysis of 35 years of research on teacher expectations found that, while self-fulfilling prophecies in the classroom do occur, the effects are usually small and temporary. It is unknown whether self-fulfilling prophecies affect intelligence or have an otherwise harmful effect.
In sociology, tokenism is the social practice of making a perfunctory and symbolic effort towards the equitable inclusion of members of a minority group, especially by recruiting people from under-represented social-minority groups in order for the organization to give the public appearance of racial and gender equality, usually within a workplace or a school.
Lightspeed Systems is an educational software company based in Austin, Texas that builds and sells SaaS content-control software, mobile device management, alert software, and classroom management software to K–12 schools.
Google Classroom is a free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process of sharing files between teachers and students. [ 4 ]