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The disease is more common in males, [25] with the male to female ratio at 1.4–2:1 (or about 5 men to 3 women). [4] The average onset of the disease is around age 40, and two-thirds of those affected are non-smokers, although smoking is not believed to be a cause. [7] The presence of HLA-Bw54 increases the risk of diffuse panbronchiolitis 13. ...
Medical treatment for restrictive lung disease is normally limited to supportive care since both the intrinsic and extrinsic causes can have irreversible effects on lung compliance. [10] The supportive therapies focus on maximizing pulmonary function and preserving activity tolerance through oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, inhaled beta ...
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), also known as obliterative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis and popcorn lung, is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs (bronchioles) due to inflammation. [1] [6] Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and feeling tired. [1]
Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a disorder in which branching casts of the airways -- i.e., accumulations of fluid or tissue that are molded in the shape of the airway -- are expectorated. PB is not a single disease with a defined mechanism that explains the cast formation in all conditions.
The disease newly occurs in about 12 per 100,000 people per year. [4] Those in their 60s and 70s are most commonly affected. [4] Males are affected more often than females. [4] Average life expectancy following diagnosis is about four years. [1]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
A bilevel positive airway pressure machine, or BiPAP, is a ventilator mask worn at night. The BiPAP pushes air into the lungs, therefore breathing for the patient. [ 20 ] This is helpful for ROHHAD patients, as hypoventilation causes the mechanism that controls breathing in oxygen to slow and sometimes stop during sleep.
Variable: Disease can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening Tracheobronchomalacia ( TBM ) is a condition characterized by flaccidity of the tracheal support cartilage which leads to tracheal collapse. [ 1 ]