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The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
People with schizophrenia commonly experience thought blocking and may interpret the experience in peculiar ways. [6] For example, a person with schizophrenia might remark that another person has removed their thoughts from their brain. [6] When evaluating a patient for schizophrenia, a physician may look for thought blocking. [7]
In an attempt to avoid these confounding factors, researchers have tried comparing the rates of violence amongst people diagnosed with schizophrenia to their siblings in a similar manner to twin studies. In these studies people with schizophrenia are found to be between 1.3 and 1.8 times more likely to engage in violent behaviour. [12]
Schizophrenia affects around 0.3–0.7% of people at some point in their life. [ 19 ] [ 14 ] In areas of conflict this figure can rise to between 4.0 and 6.5%. [ 255 ] It occurs 1.4 times more frequently in males than females and typically appears earlier in men.
The average rate of people affected has been estimated to be around 30% for individuals taking antipsychotic medication, such as that used to treat schizophrenia. [49] A study being conducted at the Yale University School of Medicine has estimated that "32% of people develop persistent tics after 5 years on major tranquilizers, 57% by 15 years ...
To a lesser extent, their presence can be a hallmark of paranoid personality disorder, as well as body dysmorphic disorder. They can be found in autism during periods of intense stress. [6] They can also be caused by intoxication, such as from stimulants like methamphetamine.
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