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In physics, the electric displacement field (denoted by D), also called electric flux density, is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the electromagnetic effects of polarization and that of an electric field , combining the two in an auxiliary field .
Unit name Symbol Base units E energy: joule: J = C⋅V = W⋅s kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −2: Q electric charge: coulomb: C A⋅s I electric current: ampere: A = C/s = W/V A J electric current density: ampere per square metre A/m 2: A⋅m −2: U, ΔV; Δϕ; E, ξ potential difference; voltage; electromotive force: volt: V = J/C kg⋅m 2 ⋅s −3 ⋅A ...
Electric current per unit cross-section area A/m 2: L −2 I: conserved, intensive, vector Electric dipole moment: p: Measure of the separation of equal and opposite electric charges C⋅m L T I: vector Electric displacement field: D →: Strength of the electric displacement C/m 2: L −2 T I: vector field Electric field strength: E → ...
For the displacement field D the linear approximation is usually excellent because for all but the most extreme electric fields or temperatures obtainable in the laboratory (high power pulsed lasers) the interatomic electric fields of materials of the order of 10 11 V/m are much higher than the external field.
Gauss's law in its integral form is particularly useful when, by symmetry reasons, a closed surface (GS) can be found along which the electric field is uniform. The electric flux is then a simple product of the surface area and the strength of the electric field, and is proportional to the total charge enclosed by the surface.
Lorentz force on a charged particle (of charge q) in motion (velocity v), used as the definition of the E field and B field.. Here subscripts e and m are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges.
In electromagnetism, displacement current density is the quantity ∂D/∂t appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of D, the electric displacement field. Displacement current density has the same units as electric current density, and it is a source of the magnetic field just as actual current is ...
The electric field is defined as a vector field that associates to each point in space the force per unit of charge exerted on an infinitesimal test charge at rest at that point. [2] [3] [4] The SI unit for the electric field is the volt per meter (V/m), which is equal to the newton per coulomb (N/C). [5]