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Satellite viruses encode their own protein capsids with the aid of helper viruses Satellite nucleic acids do not have capsids, but rely on helper viruses to enclose their genomes Package their genome within a capsid (protein shell) Have an envelope (not all viruses) Host range Plants (most common), mammals, arthropods, bacteria
Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. Satellite DNA is the main component of functional centromeres , and form the main structural constituent of heterochromatin .
The Tuvan People's Republic was proclaimed a nominally independent state in 1921, although it was tightly controlled by Moscow and is considered a satellite state of the Soviet Union until 1944, when the USSR annexed it into the Russian SFSR. [9] Another early Soviet satellite state in Asia was the short-lived Far Eastern Republic in Siberia. [9]
The name derives from the small chromosomal segment behind the secondary constriction, called a satellite, named by Sergei Navashin, in 1912. [5] Later, Heitz (1931) qualified the secondary constriction as the SAT state ( Sine Acido Thymonucleinico , which means "without thymonucleic acid"), because it didn't stain with the Feulgen reaction .
A microsatellite is a tract of tandemly repeated (i.e. adjacent) DNA motifs that range in length from one to six or up to ten nucleotides (the exact definition and delineation to the longer minisatellites varies from author to author), [1] [6] and are typically repeated 5–50 times.
The first artificial satellite launched into the Earth's orbit was the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, on October 4, 1957. As of December 31, 2022, there are 6,718 operational satellites in the Earth's orbit, of which 4,529 belong to the United States (3,996 commercial), 590 belong to China, 174 belong to Russia, and 1,425 belong to other nations. [1]
Satellite glial cells, formerly called amphicytes, [1] are glial cells that cover the surface of neuron cell bodies in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Thus, they are found in sensory , sympathetic , and parasympathetic ganglia .
The name "satellite" refers to the early observation that centrifugation of genomic DNA in a test tube separates a prominent layer of bulk DNA from accompanying "satellite" layers of repetitive DNA. Minisatellites are small sequences of DNA that do not encode proteins but appear throughout the genome hundreds of times, with many repeated copies ...