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  2. Stimulus (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)

    In physiology, a stimulus [1] is a change in a living thing's internal or external environment. This change can be detected by an organism or organ using sensitivity, and leads to a physiological reaction. [ 2 ]

  3. Second-order conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_conditioning

    An example of second-order conditioning. In classical conditioning, second-order conditioning or higher-order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first made meaningful or consequential for an organism through an initial step of learning, and then that stimulus is used as a basis for learning about some new stimulus.

  4. Supernormal stimulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernormal_stimulus

    A supernormal stimulus or superstimulus is an exaggerated version of a stimulus to which there is an existing response tendency, or any stimulus that elicits a response more strongly than the stimulus for which it evolved. For example, it is possible to create artificial bird eggs which certain birds will prefer over their own eggs, [1 ...

  5. Stimulus (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(psychology)

    In this context, a distinction is made between the distal stimulus (the external, perceived object) and the proximal stimulus (the stimulation of sensory organs). [ 1 ] In perceptual psychology , a stimulus is an energy change (e.g., light or sound) which is registered by the senses (e.g., vision, hearing, taste, etc.) and constitutes the basis ...

  6. Stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulation

    For example, "The press provides stimulation of political discourse." An interesting or fun activity can be described as "stimulating", regardless of its physical effects on senses. Stimulate means to act as a stimulus to; stimulus means something that rouses the recipient to activity; stimuli is the plural of stimulus .

  7. Stimulus control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_control

    The controlling effects of stimuli are seen in quite diverse situations and in many aspects of behavior. For example, a stimulus presented at one time may control responses emitted immediately or at a later time; two stimuli may control the same behavior; a single stimulus may trigger behavior A at one time and behavior B at another; a stimulus may control behavior only in the presence of ...

  8. Functional electrical stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_electrical...

    (b) A functional electrical stimulation system injects electrical current into the cell. (c) The intact but dormant axon receives the stimulus and propagates an action potential to (d) the neuromuscular junction. (e) The corresponding muscle fibers contract and generate (f) muscle force. (g) A train of negative pulses is produced.

  9. Neutral stimulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_stimulus

    A neutral stimulus is a stimulus which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention. In classical conditioning, when used together with an unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus. With repeated presentations of both the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, the neutral ...