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If a first body of mass m A is placed at a distance r (center of mass to center of mass) from a second body of mass m B, each body is subject to an attractive force F g = Gm A m B /r 2, where G = 6.67 × 10 −11 N⋅kg −2 ⋅m 2 is the "universal gravitational constant". This is sometimes referred to as gravitational mass.
The motion of a moving particle or object that conforms to a known or fixed curve. Such motion is studied with two coordinate systems: planar motion and cylindrical motion. cyclotron A type of particle accelerator in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the center along a spiral path.
Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field: weber (Wb) L 2 M T −2 I −1: scalar Mass fraction: x: Mass of a substance as a fraction of the total mass kg/kg 1: intensive (Mass) Density (or volume density) ρ: Mass per unit volume kg/m 3: L −3 M: intensive Mean lifetime: τ: Average time for a ...
K. "Mass" and "Weight" [See Section K. NOTE] The mass of an object is a measure of the object’s inertial property, or the amount of matter it contains. The weight of an object is a measure of the force exerted on the object by gravity, or the force needed to support it.
The Imperial units of mass include the ounce, pound, and ton. The metric units gram and kilogram are units of mass. One device for measuring weight or mass is called a weighing scale or, often, simply a scale. A spring scale measures force but not mass, a balance compares weight, both require a gravitational field to operate.
Newton's second law, with mass fixed, is not invariant under a Lorentz transformation. However, it can be made invariant by making the inertial mass m of an object a function of velocity: =; m 0 is the object's invariant mass. [53] The modified momentum, =,
where M is typically the mass of the primary body of the system and m is the mass of a smaller body. This is the complete gravitational definition of mean motion in a two-body system. Often in celestial mechanics, the primary body is much larger than any of the secondary bodies of the system, that is, M ≫ m.
The branch of physics describing the motion of objects without reference to their cause is called kinematics, while the branch studying forces and their effect on motion is called dynamics. If an object is not in motion relative to a given frame of reference, it is said to be at rest , motionless , immobile , stationary , or to have a constant ...