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Shoulder dystocia occurs after vaginal delivery of the head, when the baby's anterior shoulder is obstructed by the mother's pubic bone. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] It is typically diagnosed when the baby's shoulders fails to deliver despite gentle downward traction on the baby's head, requiring the need of special techniques to safely deliver the baby. [ 2 ]
A shoulder presentation is an indication for a caesarean section. Generally, as it is diagnosed early, the baby is not damaged by the time of delivery. With the rupture of the membranes, there is an increased risk of a cord prolapse as the shoulder may not completely block the birth canal.
This can cause issues as pregnancy progresses, such as difficulty carrying the fetus to full term. Another complication that can occur during human childbirth is shoulder dystocia, where the shoulder is stuck in the birth canal. [13] This can lead to fractured humerus and clavicle of the fetus and hemorrhaging of the mother postpartum. [13]
The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2] Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. [2]
Next, Roberston elaborated that Honey's shoulder got stuck in the birth canal and prevented her from coming out. "So her shoulder actually got stuck, which is really, really rare," she added.
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
The Zavanelli maneuver is an obstetric maneuver that involves pushing back the delivered fetal head into the birth canal in anticipation of performing a cesarean section in cases of shoulder dystocia. [1] [2] The Zavanelli maneuver is performed only after other maneuvers have failed, as it is associated with high risk to both the mother and the ...
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