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In the United States in particular, the Federal Aviation Administration calls this concept the minimum safe altitude (MSA), and is defined within the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR): Anywhere : an altitude allowing a safe emergency landing without undue hazard to person or property on the ground;
minimum height of 1,000 ft (305 m) above ground or water, minimum weather requirements for airspace E met; pilot is capable of keeping the planned course; approach and landing at destination in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) pilot possesses radiotelephony license
VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.
PAPIs are calibrated relative to the Minimum Eye Height over Threshold (MEHT). [1] For certain aircraft with a low pilot eye height, the pilot will see a "slightly low" indication even though they are on the ILS glideslope. [2] Pilot eye height is usually above the ILS receiver antenna. [3]
However, there are still minimum weather conditions that must be present in order for the aircraft to take off or to land; these vary according to the kind of operation, the type of navigation aids available, the location and height of terrain and obstructions in the vicinity of the airport, equipment on the aircraft, and the qualifications of ...
Some jobs require a minimum height. For example, US Military pilots have to be 160 to 200 centimetres (63 to 79 in) tall with a sitting height of 86 to 102 centimetres (34 to 40 in). [ 14 ] Other jobs require a maximum height or to be between a certain height range, such as flight attendant. [ 15 ]
In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL [1] or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface.This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), height above ellipsoid (HAE, as reported by a GPS receiver), or height above average terrain (AAT or HAAT, in broadcast engineering).
VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.