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The Buchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction is the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with aliphatic diazoalkanes to form homologated ketones. [1] It was first described by Eduard Buchner and Theodor Curtius in 1885 [ 2 ] and later by Fritz Schlotterbeck in 1907. [ 3 ]
α-Hydroxy imines may also undergo rearrangement to amino ketones. Hammett analysis and a very negative entropy of activation suggest that the reaction proceeds in a single step through a concerted transition state. [9] As a result, subtle conformational and steric factors can play a role in the speed and extent of these reactions.
The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation is a chemical reaction of an aryl ketone 1 (or aldehyde) with dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 and potassium tert-butoxide to give substituted alkynes 3. [1] [2] Dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 is often called the Seyferth–Gilbert reagent. [3] The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone. The overall reaction equation is as follows (where the Rs can be H)
(Benzylideneacetone)iron tricarbonyl is an organoiron compound with an η 2 ketone ligand. Some η 2-aldehyde complexes insert alkenes to give five-membered metallacycles. [5] η 1-Complexes of alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyls exhibit enhanced reactivity toward dienes. This interaction is the basis of Lewis-acid catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions.
The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate. Overall, the carbonyl group is oxidised, whereas the H 2 O 2 is reduced.
A typical reaction involving two ketones is that between acetophenone as the enol and acetone: [7] Mukaiyama aldol between two ketones. Ketone reactions of this type require higher reaction temperatures. For this work Mukaiyama was inspired by earlier work done by Georg Wittig in 1966 on crossed aldol reactions with lithiated imines.
The Norrish type I reaction is the photochemical cleavage or homolysis of aldehydes and ketones into two free radical intermediates (α-scission). The carbonyl group accepts a photon and is excited to a photochemical singlet state.