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The first of the Townshend Acts, sometimes simply known as the Townshend Act, was the Revenue Act 1767 (7 Geo 3 c 46). [ d ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] This act represented the Chatham ministry 's new approach to generating tax revenue in the American colonies after the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766.
Most of the taxes in the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770 by the Ministry of Lord North. The passage of the Tea Act 1773 in May 1773, which enforced the remaining taxes on tea, led to the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773. Parliament considered this an illegal act because they believed it undermined the authority of the Crown-in-Parliament.
In 1767, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts which added different types of taxes which were used to fund colonial governors and judges. [3] Among the new law's provisions was an import tax on items such as glass, paper, and tea—all of which had to be imported from Britain. [11] The act reinvigorated dissent. [3]
During the 1760s, relations between Great Britain and some of its North American colonies became strained by a series of parliamentary laws, including the 1765 Stamp Act and the 1767 Townshend Acts, which were intended to raise revenue for the crown and to assert the British Parliament's authority to pass such legislation despite the lack of colonial representation. [1]
Charles Townshend (27 August 1725 – 4 September 1767) was a British politician who held various titles in the Parliament of Great Britain.His establishment of the controversial Townshend Acts is considered one of the key causes of the American Revolution.
Crispus Attucks (c. 1723 – March 5, 1770) was an American whaler, sailor, and stevedore of African and Native American descent who is traditionally regarded as the first person killed in the Boston Massacre, and as a result the first American killed in the American Revolution.
The Petition to His Majesty, The Memorial to the House of Lords and The Remonstrance to the House of Commons, commonly referred to collectively as the 1768 Petition, Memorial and Remonstrance (PMR), are a series of imprints that record a protest by the Virginia House of Burgesses in April 1768 that was sent to the British government by then-acting Lieutenant Governor John Blair.
However, Parliament at the same time passed the Declaratory Act, which affirmed its authority to tax the colonies. [1]: 120–121 In 1767, Parliament imposed import duties—remembered as the Townshend Acts—on a range of goods imported by the colonies. These duties reignited the debate over parliamentary authority.