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The original ointment contains 3% salicylic acid and 6% benzoic acid in a suitable base, such as lanolin or petrolatum. [2] [3] Alternatively, a short-chain alcohol or fatty alcohol can be used as the base. [4]
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC 6 H 4 COOH. [3] A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). [3]
There is an average 52% decrease in inflammatory acne lesions by week 12. [17]The combination is less effective than benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid after short-term treatment of two to four weeks, but the two treatments showed similar effectiveness after ten to twelve weeks.
Salicylic acid as a medication is used to help remove the outer layer of the skin. [1] As such it is used to treat warts, calluses, psoriasis, dandruff, acne, ringworm, and ichthyosis. [1] [2] Because of its effect on skin cells, salicylic acid is used in some shampoos to treat dandruff. [medical citation needed]
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C 6 H 5 −C(=O)O−) 2, often abbreviated as (BzO) 2.In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C 6 H 5 −C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Benzocaine is the ethyl ester of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It can be prepared from PABA and ethanol [ 29 ] by Fischer esterification or via the reduction of ethyl p -nitrobenzoate. Benzocaine is sparingly soluble in water; it is more soluble in dilute acids and very soluble in ethanol, chloroform , and ethyl ether .
Phenolic acids such as protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric and salicylic acid, cinnamic acid and hydroxybenzaldehydes such as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin have been isolated from in vitro culture of the freshwater green alga Spongiochloris spongiosa. [51]
For these purposes PVP-I has been formulated at concentrations of 7.5–10.0% in solution, spray, surgical scrub, ointment, and swab dosage forms; however, use of 10% povidone-iodine though recommended, is infrequently used, as it is poorly accepted by health care workers and is excessively slow to dry. [11] [12]