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[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
2 Cl 2 + 2 Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O → Cl 2 O + 2 NaHCO 3 + 2 NaCl 2 Cl 2 + 2 NaHCO 3 → Cl 2 O + 2 CO 2 + 2 NaCl + H 2 O This reaction can be performed in the absence of water but requires heating to 150–250 °C; as dichlorine monoxide is unstable at these temperatures [ 4 ] it must therefore be continuously removed to prevent thermal decomposition .
Gilbert N. Lewis introduced the concepts of both the electron pair and the covalent bond in a landmark paper he published in 1916. [1] [2] MO diagrams depicting covalent (left) and polar covalent (right) bonding in a diatomic molecule. In both cases a bond is created by the formation of an electron pair.
A key step is drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule (neutral, cationic, anionic): Atom symbols are arranged so that pairs of atoms can be joined by single two-electron bonds as in the molecule (a sort of "skeletal" structure), and the remaining valence electrons are distributed such that sp atoms obtain an octet (duet for hydrogen) with a ...
Chlorine monoxide is a chemical radical with the chemical formula ClO •. It plays an important role in the process of ozone depletion. In the stratosphere, chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen. Cl • + O 3 → ClO • + O 2. This reaction causes the depletion of the ozone layer. [1]
chlorine peroxide, Cl 2 O 2, dimer of chlorine monoxide radical or ClO dimer, chlorine (I) peroxide chloryl chloride, ClO 2 Cl, chlorine (0,IV) oxide; chlorine chlorite, ClOClO, chlorine (I,III) oxide; dichlorine trioxide, Cl 2 O 3 as O−Cl−ClO 2, chlorine (III,V) oxide dichlorine trioxide, Cl 2 O 3 as possible isomer Cl−O−ClO 2 ...
There are more complex chemical compounds, the structure of which can only be explained using modern quantum chemical methods, for example, cluster technetium chloride [(CH 3) 4 N] 3 [Tc 6 Cl 14], in which 6 of the 14 chlorine atoms are formally divalent, and oxidation states are fractional.
Other common double bonds are found in azo compounds (N=N), imines (C=N), and sulfoxides (S=O). In a skeletal formula, a double bond is drawn as two parallel lines (=) between the two connected atoms; typographically, the equals sign is used for this. [1] [2] Double bonds were introduced in chemical notation by Russian chemist Alexander Butlerov.