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[1] In phylogenetics , an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon. That is, it is found only in one taxon , but not found in any others or outgroup taxa , not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species , family or in general any clade). [ 2 ]
A series of molecular phylogenetic studies found that the genus Accipiter was non-monophyletic. [1] The results of a densely sampled 2024 study of the Accipitridae allowed the generic boundaries to be redefined. [2] To create monophyletic genera, species were moved from Accipiter to five new or resurrected genera leaving only 9 species in ...
A clade is by definition monophyletic, meaning that it contains one ancestor which can be an organism, a population, or a species and all its descendants. [note 1] [10] [11] The ancestor can be known or unknown; any and all members of a clade can be extant or extinct.
The term monophyly, or monophyletic, derives from the two Ancient Greek words μόνος (mónos), meaning "alone, only, unique", and φῦλον (phûlon), meaning "genus, species", [4] [5] and refers to the fact that a monophyletic group includes organisms (e.g., genera, species) consisting of all the descendants of a unique common ancestor.
The term paraphyly, or paraphyletic, derives from the two Ancient Greek words παρά (pará), meaning "beside, near", and φῦλον (phûlon), meaning "genus, species", [2] [3] and refers to the situation in which one or several monophyletic subgroups of organisms (e.g., genera, species) are left apart from all other descendants of a unique common ancestor.
However, this classification system is in disuse due to the kingdom's non-monophyletic nature. [25] While Ochrophyta is the preferred name by general protistologists and protozoologists, the name Heterokontophyta is considered more familiar among phycologists. [7]
Comparative psychology is the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals [clarification needed], especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior. The phrase comparative psychology may be employed in either a narrow or a broad meaning. [1]
An evolutionary grade is a group of species united by morphological or physiological traits, that has given rise to another group that has major differences from the ancestral group's condition, and is thus not considered part of the ancestral group, while still having enough similarities that we can group them under the same clade.