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Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1] It can be caused by a variety of conditions but 20 to 50% of cases are idiopathic.
Erythema nodosum is a form of panniculitis characterised by tender red nodules, 1–10 cm, associated with systemic symptoms including fever, malaise, and joint pain. Nodules may become bluish-purple, yellowing, and green, and subside over a period of 2–6 weeks without ulcerating or scarring.
About 10% of cases do not have lesions on the legs but rather present with one or more skin lesions outside of the legs; ~20% of individuals present with cutaneous lesion(s) but on further or later investigation are found to have disease in non-cutaneous sites such as the lymph nodes, visceral organs, [1] bone marrow, and/or, rarely, central ...
Löfgren syndrome is a type of acute sarcoidosis, [1] an inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the chest, tender red nodules on the shins, fever and arthritis. [2] It is more common in women than men, and is more frequent in those of Scandinavian, Irish, African and Puerto Rican heritage.
Nodules are discrete, generally symmetric, hyperpigmented and firm. They are greater than 0.5 cm in both width and depth (as opposed to papules which are less than 0.5 cm). The nodules of PN can appear on any part of the body, but generally are found in areas where patients are able to reach to scratch.
Angiolipomas are painful subcutaneous nodules having all other features of a typical lipoma. [7]: 624 [9] Cerebellar pontine angle and internal auditory canal lipomas [10] Chondroid lipomas are deep-seated, firm, yellow tumors that characteristically occur on the legs of women. [7]: 625
Podoconiosis causes bilateral yet asymmetrical leg swelling with overlying firm nodules. Early on, symptoms may include itching, tingling, widening of the forefoot, and swelling which then progress to soft edema, skin fibrosis, papillomatosis, and nodule formation resembling moss, giving rise to the disease's alternate name of "mossy foot" in some regions of the world. [3]
When weather is cold, ankle is cold, blue and often tender. In hot weather, ankle becomes hot, edematous, swollen and painful. Chilblains may be present. On palpation, small superficial and painful nodules are felt. They break down to form small and multiple ulcers. Fresh crops of nodules appear in periphery of ulcer and ultimately break down.