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Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between 20 and 40 carbon atoms. It is solid at room temperature and begins to melt above approximately 37 °C (99 °F), [ 2 ] and its boiling point is above 370 °C (698 °F). [ 2 ]
When the temperature is below 0 °C, the dew point is called the frost point, as water vapour undergoes gas-solid phase transition called deposition, solidification, or freezing. In the petroleum industry, cloud point refers to the temperature below which paraffin wax in diesel or biowax in biodiesels forms a cloudy appearance.
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid: 298.9 44 ...
Paraffin oil is commonly used to fill Galileo thermometers: Due to paraffin oil's freezing temperature being lower than that of water (approx. −4 °C (24 °F)), this makes them less susceptible to freezing during shipment, or when stored in a cold environment. [37]
The gel point of petroleum products is the temperature at which the liquids gel so they no longer flow by gravity or can be pumped through fuel lines. This phenomenon happens when the petroleum product reaches a low enough temperature to precipitate interlinked paraffin wax crystals throughout the fluid .
Wax paper is also a non-stick coated paper, but rather than silicone, it is coated in (spoiler alert!) wax. It's paraffin wax, to be more specific, which makes it moisture-proof and grease-proof, too.
Paraffin waxes are mixtures of saturated n- and iso- alkanes, naphthenes, and alkyl- and naphthene-substituted aromatic compounds. A typical alkane paraffin wax chemical composition comprises hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H 2n+2, such as hentriacontane, C 31 H 64. The degree of branching has an important influence on the properties.
ASTM D97, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils. The specimen is cooled inside a cooling bath to allow the formation of paraffin wax crystals. At about 9 °C above the expected pour point, and for every subsequent 3 °C, the test jar is removed and tilted to check for surface movement.