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The Stirling engine has the highest theoretical efficiency of any thermal engine but it has a low output power to weight ratio, therefore Stirling engines of practical output tend to be large. The size effect of the Stirling engine is due to its reliance on the expansion of a gas with an increase in temperature and practical limits on the ...
Thermal efficiency or Fuel efficiency, useful heat and/or work output per input energy such as the fuel consumed; 'Total efficiency', e.g., for cogeneration, useful electric power and heat output per fuel energy consumed. Same as the thermal efficiency. Luminous efficiency, that portion of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is usable for ...
For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...
Increasing the input temperature (e.g. by using an oversized ground source or by access to a solar-assisted thermal bank [10]). Accurately determining thermal conductivity will allow for much more precise ground loop [11] or borehole sizing, [12] resulting in higher return temperatures and a more efficient system. For an air cooler, the COP ...
It is the most efficient and powerful reciprocating internal combustion engine in the world with a thermal efficiency over 50%. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] For comparison, the most efficient small four-stroke engines are around 43% thermally-efficient (SAE 900648); [ citation needed ] size is an advantage for efficiency due to the increase in the ...
For example, the estimated average occupancy rate is about 1.3 passengers per car in the San Francisco Bay Area, [58] while the 2006 UK estimated average is 1.58. [59] Due to the efficiency of electric motors, electric cars are much more efficient than their internal combustion engine counterparts, consuming on the order of 38 megajoules (38 ...
A heat engine is a system that converts heat to usable energy, particularly mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work. [1] [2] While originally conceived in the context of mechanical energy, the concept of the heat engine has been applied to various other kinds of energy, particularly electrical, since at least the late 19th century.
Hot-bulb engine (two-stroke). 1. Hot bulb. 2. Cylinder. 3. Piston. 4. Crankcase Old Swedish hot-bulb engine in action. The hot-bulb engine, also known as a semi-diesel [1] or Akroyd engine, is a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignites by coming in contact with a red-hot metal surface inside a bulb, followed by the introduction of air (oxygen) compressed into the hot-bulb ...