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Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery ...
CT scan showing extensive diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon Diverticular disease Whole slide of a transverse section of the left colon with diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon. [22] In people without symptoms, these are usually found incidentally during other investigations.
In Western countries, diverticular disease most commonly involves the sigmoid colon (95 percent of people with diverticulitis). [83] Diverticulosis affects 5–45% of individuals with the prevalence of diverticulosis increasing with age from under 20% of individuals affected at age 40 up to 60% of individuals affected by age 60.
Acute diverticulitis is thought to arise from either trauma or lack of blood flow to the existing diverticulum in the colon. The traumatic theory proposes that a fecalith, which is a hardened fecal matter, becomes trapped in a diverticulum, leading to colonic mucosa abrasion and local inflammation.
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Hinchey Classification is used to describe perforations of the colon due to diverticulitis. The classification was developed by Dr. E John Hinchey (1934–present), a general surgeon at the Montreal General Hospital and professor of surgery at McGill University. Diverticulosis (the presence of bowel diverticula) is an essentially ubiquitous ...
The hindgut contains the distal half of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and superior anal canal. [14] Each subsection of the gut has an associated visceral afferent nerve that transmits sensory information from the viscera to the spinal cord, traveling with the autonomic sympathetic nerves. [16]
Radiographs (X-ray pictures) are taken while barium sulfate, a radiocontrast agent, fills the colon via an enema through the rectum. The term barium enema usually refers to a lower gastrointestinal series, although enteroclysis (an upper gastrointestinal series ) is often called a small bowel barium enema.