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Pythagoras of Samos [a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [b], often known mononymously as Pythagoras, was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.
The Spartan colony of Taranto in Italy became the home for many practitioners of Pythagoreanism and later for Neopythagorean philosophers. Pythagoras had also lived in Crotone and Metaponto, both of which were Achaean colonies. [12] Early-Pythagorean sects lived in Croton and throughout Magna Graecia. They espoused to a rigorous life of the ...
Zeno was the first philosopher to use argumentative rather than descriptive language in his philosophy. Previous philosophers had explained their worldview, but Zeno was the first one to create explicit arguments that were meant to be used for debate. Aristotle described Zeno as the "inventor of dialectic". [13]
Philolaus (/ ˌ f ɪ l ə ˈ l eɪ ə s /; Ancient Greek: Φιλόλαος, Philólaos; c. 470 – c. 385 BC) [1] [a] was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher. He was born in a Greek colony in Italy and migrated to Greece.
Pythagoras developed a school of philosophy that was both dominated by mathematics and "profoundly mystical". [3] Philolaus has been called one of "the three most prominent figures in the Pythagorean tradition" [ 4 ] and "the outstanding figure in the Pythagorean school", who may have been the first "to commit Pythagorean doctrine to writing ...
Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales [1] [2] and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. ↵Abbreviations used in this list: c. = circa; fl. = flourished
Pythagoras politically was an advocate of a form of aristocracy, a position which later Pythagoreans rejected, but generally, they were reactionary and notably repressed women. [79] Other pre-Socratic philosophers mocked Pythagoras for his belief in reincarnation. [80]
Pythagoreanism, the esoteric and metaphysical beliefs purported to have been held by Pythagoras; Neopythagoreanism, a school of philosophy reviving Pythagorean doctrines that became prominent in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD; Pythagorean diet, the name for vegetarianism before the nineteenth century