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The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. [1] The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process , a similar iridium -based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd , which is more economical and environmentally friendly.
Large-scale applications of carbonylation are the Monsanto acetic acid process and Cativa process, which convert methanol to acetic acid. In another major industrial process, acetic anhydride is prepared by a related carbonylation of methyl acetate. [7]
The production of acetic acid by carbonylation proceeds via two similar industrial processes. More traditional is the Monsanto acetic acid process, which relies on a rhodium-iodine catalyst to transform methanol into acetic acid. This process has been superseded by the Cativa process which uses a related iridium catalyst, [Ir(CO) 2 I 2] − (1).
The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the making of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol, [5] although it has largely been supplanted by the iridium-based Cativa process. The catalytic cycle of the Monsanto process for production of acetic acid. The catalytically active species is the anion cis-[Rh(CO) 2 I 2] −.
The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. It is a common method to make amines and is widely used in green chemistry since it can be done catalytically in one-pot under mild conditions. In biochemistry, dehydrogenase enzymes use reductive amination to produce the amino acid glutamate. Additionally, there is ongoing research ...
The Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol. The technology, which is similar to the Monsanto process, was developed by BP Chemicals and is under license by BP Plc. [1]: 293–307 The process is based on an iridium-containing catalyst, such as the complex [Ir(CO) 2 I 2] − (1).
The Wacker process or the ... -catalyzed transformation of such olefins into carbonyl ... [47] 1-cyclohexadiene-acetic acid in presence of acetic acid ...
The worldwide production of acetic anhydride is a major application, and uses approximately 25% to 30% of the global production of acetic acid. The main process involves dehydration of acetic acid to give ketene at 700–750 °C. Ketene is thereafter reacted with acetic acid to obtain the anhydride: [50] CH 3 CO 2 H → CH 2 =C=O + H 2 O