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  2. Horizontal coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_coordinate_system

    The horizontal coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane to define two angles of a spherical coordinate system: altitude and azimuth. Therefore, the horizontal coordinate system is sometimes called the az/el system, [1] the alt/az system, or the alt-azimuth system, among

  3. Cartesian coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

    The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive. 3D Cartesian coordinate handedness. The name derives from the right-hand rule.

  4. Vertical and horizontal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_and_horizontal

    The y-axis on the wall is vertical, but the one on the table is horizontal. The concept of a horizontal plane is thus anything but simple, although, in practice, most of these effects and variations are rather small: they are measurable and can be predicted with great accuracy, but they may not greatly affect our daily life.

  5. Abscissa and ordinate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscissa_and_ordinate

    abscissa-axis (horizontal) coordinate ordinate-axis (vertical) coordinate. Together they form an ordered pair which defines the location of a point in two-dimensional rectangular space. More technically, the abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis.

  6. Geometric terms of location - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_terms_of_location

    Axial – along the center of a round body, or the axis of rotation of a body; Radial – along a direction pointing along a radius from the center of an object, or perpendicular to a curved path. Circumferential (or azimuthal) – following around a curve or circumference of an object.

  7. Astronomical coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate...

    The horizontal, or altitude-azimuth, system is based on the position of the observer on Earth, which revolves around its own axis once per sidereal day (23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.091 seconds) in relation to the star background. The positioning of a celestial object by the horizontal system varies with time, but is a useful coordinate system ...

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  9. Complex plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_plane

    Imagine two copies of the cut complex plane, the cuts extending along the positive real axis from z = 0 to the point at infinity. On one sheet define 0 ≤ arg(z) < 2π, so that 1 1/2 = e 0 = 1, by definition. On the second sheet define 2π ≤ arg(z) < 4π, so that 1 1/2 = e iπ = −1, again by definition.