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Reputational damage is the loss to financial capital, social capital and/or market share resulting from damage to an organization's reputation. This is often measured in lost revenue, increased operating, capital or regulatory costs, or destruction of shareholder value. [1]
Character assassination (CA) is a deliberate and sustained effort to damage the reputation or credibility of an individual. [1] The phrase "character assassination" became popular around 1930. [ 2 ] This concept, as a subject of scholarly study, was originally introduced by Davis (1950) [ 3 ] in a collection of essays revealing the dangers of ...
In that report, they defined reputation laundering as "the process of concealing the corrupt actions, past or present, of an individual, government or corporate entity, and presenting their character and behaviour in a positive light." [4] The phrase "reputation laundering" is a play on the older phrase "money laundering".
A smear campaign is an intentional, premeditated effort to undermine an individual's or group's reputation, credibility, and character. [4] Like negative campaigning, most often smear campaigns target government officials, politicians, political candidates, and other public figures. [5]
On the other hand, according to Article 203, there is an exemption for the application of the aforementioned articles (insult and defamation) when the specific context is that of a scientific work, literary work, work of art, public information conducted by a politician or a government official, journalistic work, or the defence of a right or ...
In actuarial science and applied probability, ruin theory (sometimes risk theory [1] or collective risk theory) uses mathematical models to describe an insurer's vulnerability to insolvency/ruin. In such models key quantities of interest are the probability of ruin, distribution of surplus immediately prior to ruin and deficit at time of ruin.
EVERYBODY LOVES AN ORGASM—the bigger the O, the better, right?Well, some people like it when their spurt gets spoiled. It’s called a ruined orgasm, and the resulting physical frustration is ...
The reputation or prestige of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity – typically developed as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behavior or performance. [1] Reputation is a ubiquitous, spontaneous, and highly efficient mechanism of social control. [2]