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Epilepsy surgery involves a neurosurgical procedure where an area of the brain involved in seizures is either resected, ablated, disconnected or stimulated. [1]
Amygdalohippocampectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of epilepsy.It consists of the removal of the hippocampus, which has a role in memory, spatial awareness, and navigation, [1] and the amygdalae, which have a role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, [2] both structures forming part of the limbic system of the brain.
The surgery is a palliative treatment method for many forms of epilepsy, including atonic seizures, generalized seizures, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. [6] In a 2011 study of children with intractable epilepsy accompanied by attention deficit disorder , EEG showed an improvement to both seizures and attention impairments following corpus ...
All the forms of psychosurgery in use today (or used in recent years) target the limbic system, which involves structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, certain thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, and cingulate gyrus—all connected by fibre pathways and thought to play a part in the regulation of emotion. [9]
Additional epilepsy surgery following hemispherectomy is rare (4.5%), [7] but may be recommended if there is a residual connection between the two hemispheres that is causing frequent seizures. Mortality rates are low and estimated to be <1% to 2.2%.
Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 – December 2, 2008), known widely as H.M., was an American who had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect the anterior two thirds of his hippocampi, parahippocampal cortices, entorhinal cortices, piriform cortices, and amygdalae in an attempt to cure his epilepsy. Although the ...
The postictal state is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure.It usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but sometimes longer in the case of larger or more severe seizures, and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, nausea, hypertension, headache or migraine, and other disorienting symptoms.
The goal of epilepsy surgery is to remove the epileptogenic tissue while sparing healthy brain areas. [29] Knowing the exact position of essential brain regions (such as the primary motor cortex and primary sensory cortex , visual cortex , and areas involved in speech production and comprehension) helps to avoid surgically induced neurological ...