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  2. Coat of arms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms

    A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design [1] on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto.

  3. Escutcheon (heraldry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)

    In heraldry, an escutcheon (/ ɪ ˈ s k ʌ tʃ ən /) is a shield that forms the main or focal element in an achievement of arms. The word can be used in two related senses. In the first sense, an escutcheon is the shield upon which a coat of arms is displayed. In the second sense, an escutcheon can itself be a charge within a coat of arms.

  4. Crest (heraldry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)

    The use of the crest and torse independently from the rest of the achievement, a practice which became common in the era of paper heraldry, has led the term "crest" to be frequently but erroneously used to refer to the arms displayed on the shield, or to the achievement as a whole.

  5. List of oldest heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_heraldry

    Polish clan arms: Alabanda is one of the oldest coat of arms in Poland. The oldest known image of this coat of arms is the seal of two brothers, Stefan Kobylagłowa and Strzeżywoj Kobylagłowa. [26] Historically, this coat of arms was used by 9 Polish noble families. [27] [28] [26] 1282 Topór is one of the oldest Polish coats of arms.

  6. Great Seal of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United...

    The shield had thirteen stripes, this time in a chevron pattern, and the eagle's claws held an olive branch and a bundle of thirteen arrows. For the crest, he used Hopkinson's constellation of thirteen stars. The motto was E Pluribus Unum, taken from the first committee, and was on a scroll held in the eagle's beak. [14] [56]

  7. Heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldry

    The German Hyghalmen Roll was made in the late 15th century and illustrates the German practice of repeating themes from the arms in the crest. (See Roll of arms).. Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree.

  8. Origin of coats of arms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_coats_of_arms

    Vermandois coat of arms, the oldest known, circa 1115, adopted for a county that had been ruled by the last Carolingians.. The origin of coats of arms is the invention, in medieval western Europe, of the emblematic system based on the blazon, which is described and studied by heraldry.

  9. List of Scottish clans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_clans

    A Scottish clan member's crest badge is made up of a heraldic crest, encircled by a strap and buckle which contains a heraldic motto. In most cases, both crest and motto are derived from the crest and motto of the chief's coat of arms. Crest badges intended for wear as cap badges are commonly made of silver or some other metal such as pewter.