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English prepositions are words – such as of, in, on, at, from, etc. – that function as the head of a prepositional phrase, and most characteristically license a noun phrase object (e.g., in the water). [1] Semantically, they most typically denote relations in space and time. [2] Morphologically, they are usually simple and do not inflect. [1]
The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions.
Stranded prepositions can also arise in passive voice constructions and other uses of passive past participial phrases, where the complement in a prepositional phrase can become zero in the same way that a verb's direct object would: it was looked at; I will be operated on; get your teeth seen to.
For example, after is a preposition in "he left after the fight" but a conjunction in "he left after they fought". In general, a conjunction is an invariant (non-inflecting) grammatical particle that stands between conjuncts. A conjunction may be placed at the beginning of a sentence, [1] but some superstition about the practice persists. [2]
[1]: 431 Comparative determiners like fewer or more can take than prepositional phrase (PP) complements (e.g., it weighs [less than five] grams). [ 1 ] : 443 The following tree diagram in the style of CGEL shows the DP far fewer than twenty , with the adverb far as a modifier and the PP than twenty as a complement.
A Big Apple straphanger was shoved onto Manhattan subway tracks and struck by an incoming 1 train in a cowardly attack Tuesday — miraculously surviving the horrifying caught-on-video ordeal.
The U.S. Commerce Department said Wednesday it has finalized a $1.5 billion government subsidy for GlobalFoundries to expand semiconductor production in Malta, New York and Vermont. The binding ...
And the following trees show prepositional phrases as postdependents of non-finite verbs and as predependents of finite verbs: Attempts to position a prepositional phrase in front of its head noun, adjective, or non-finite verb create an incorrectly formatted sentence, e.g. a. his departure on Tuesday b. *his on Tuesday departure a. proud of ...