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A residual neural network (also referred to as a residual network or ResNet) [1] is a deep learning architecture in which the layers learn residual functions with reference to the layer inputs. It was developed in 2015 for image recognition , and won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge ( ILSVRC ) of that year.
In machine learning, diffusion models, also known as diffusion probabilistic models or score-based generative models, are a class of latent variable generative models. A diffusion model consists of three major components: the forward process, the reverse process, and the sampling procedure. [1]
A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a regularized type of feed-forward neural network that learns features by itself via filter (or kernel) optimization. This type of deep learning network has been applied to process and make predictions from many different types of data including text, images and audio. [1]
The plain transformer architecture had difficulty converging. In the original paper [1] the authors recommended using learning rate warmup. That is, the learning rate should linearly scale up from 0 to maximal value for the first part of the training (usually recommended to be 2% of the total number of training steps), before decaying again.
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that focuses on utilizing neural networks to perform tasks such as classification, regression, and representation learning. The field takes inspiration from biological neuroscience and is centered around stacking artificial neurons into layers and "training" them to process data.
The Latent Diffusion Model (LDM) [1] is a diffusion model architecture developed by the CompVis (Computer Vision & Learning) [2] group at LMU Munich. [3]Introduced in 2015, diffusion models (DMs) are trained with the objective of removing successive applications of noise (commonly Gaussian) on training images.
Plot of the ReLU (blue) and GELU (green) functions near x = 0. In the context of artificial neural networks, the rectifier or ReLU (rectified linear unit) activation function [1] [2] is an activation function defined as the non-negative part of its argument, i.e., the ramp function:
Example of hidden layers in a MLP. In artificial neural networks, a hidden layer is a layer of artificial neurons that is neither an input layer nor an output layer. The simplest examples appear in multilayer perceptrons (MLP), as illustrated in the diagram.