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There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT scans. [4] The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer, [4] especially in older adults and ...
Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the endemic areas of the United States. [4] Infections usually occur due to inhalation of the arthroconidial spores after soil disruption. [4] The disease is not contagious. [4] In some cases the infection may recur or become chronic.
Pulmonary function: increased residual volume, increased total lung capacity, fixed obstruction, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume; High-resolution CT scan: diffuse pulmonary nodules 4–10 mm, greater than 20 nodules, mosaic attenuation or air trapping in greater than 50% of the lung
The nodules in DPB appear as opaque lumps when viewed on X-rays of the lung, and can cause airway obstruction, which is evaluated by a pulmonary function test, or PFT. [6] Lung X-rays can also reveal dilation of the bronchiolar passages, another sign of DPB.
For lung nodules, air bronchograms used to be associated with infectious causes of consolidation and, therefore to be benign. However, in the setting of a lung nodule, an air bronchogram is actually more frequent in malignant than in benign nodules. [1] [4] studied the tumour-bronchus relationship and described five types: [1]
Where present it is a strong diagnostic factor of ABPA and distinguishes symptoms from other causes of bronchiectasis. [11] CT scans may more rarely reveal mosaic-appearance attenuation, centrilobular lung nodules, tree-in-bud opacities, and pleuropulmonary fibrosis (a finding consistent with CPA, a disease with ABPA as a known precursor). [1]
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) [1] containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. This pus -filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness from injury.
A fungus ball in the lungs may cause no symptoms and may be discovered only with a chest X-ray, or it may cause repeated coughing up of blood, chest pain, and occasionally severe, even fatal, bleeding. [2] A rapidly invasive Aspergillus infection in the lungs often causes cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. [citation needed]