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Hybrid incompatibility occurs when the offspring of two closely related species are not viable or suffer from infertility. Charles Darwin posited that hybrid incompatibility is not a product of natural selection, stating that the phenomenon is an outcome of the hybridizing species diverging, rather than something that is directly acted upon by selective pressures. [4]
The Yecoro wheat (right) cultivar is sensitive to salinity, plants resulting from a hybrid cross with cultivar W4910 (left) show greater tolerance to high salinity. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. [1]
Hybridization sometimes results in introgression, which can occur in response to habitat disturbance that puts plant species into contact with each other. [2] Introgression is gene transfer among taxa and is a result of hybridization, followed by repeated backcrossing with parental individuals.
Alternatives to hybridization include open pollination and clonal propagation. [2] An important factor is the heterosis that results from the genetic differences between the parents, which can produce higher yield and faster growth rate. Crossing any particular pair of inbred strains may or may not result in superior offspring.
Species can live in the same environment, yet show very limited gene flow due to reproductive barriers, fragmentation, specialist pollinators, or limited hybridization or hybridization yielding unfit hybrids. A cryptic species is a species that humans cannot tell is different without the use of genetics.
This type of hybridization has been particularly impactful for the production of many crop species, including but not limited to: certain types of rice, corn, wheat, barley, and rye. Natural introgression can occur with many genera and species, but manipulating the gene pool with artificial/forced introgression is useful for honing in on ...
Fused protoplast (left) with chloroplasts (from a leaf cell) and coloured vacuole (from a petal) Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid. [1]
Hybrid Rice. Hybrid rice is a type of Asian rice that has been crossbred from two very different parent varieties. [1] As with other types of hybrids, hybrid rice typically displays heterosis or "hybrid vigor", so when grown under the same conditions as comparable purebred rice varieties, it can produce up to 30% more yield. [2]