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A comparison of Sanskrit and Eastern Arabic numerals. Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature. [2] [3]
The Varga letters ka to ma have values from 1, 2, 3 .. up to 25 and Avarga letters ya to ha have values 30, 40, 50 .. up to 100. In the Varga and Avarga letters, beyond the ninth vowel (place), new symbols can be used. The values for vowels are as follows: a = 1; i = 100; u = 10000; ṛ = 1000000 and so on.
Thus every Sanskrit word having the meaning "eye" was used to denote "two". All words synonymous with the meaning "earth" could be used to signify the number "one" as there is only one earth, etc. In the more expansive examples of application, concepts, ideas and objects from all parts of the Sanskrit lexicon were harvested to generate number ...
Words in the cardinal category are cardinal numbers, such as the English one, two, three, which name the count of items in a sequence. The multiple category are adverbial numbers, like the English once , twice , thrice , that specify the number of events or instances of otherwise identical or similar items.
[1] Later Hindu and Buddhist texts have extended this list, but these lists are no longer mutually consistent and names of numbers larger than 10 8 differ between texts. For example, the Panchavimsha Brahmana lists 10 9 as nikharva , 10 10 vâdava , 10 11 akṣiti , while Śâṅkhyâyana Śrauta Sûtra has 10 9 nikharva , 10 10 samudra , 10 11 ...
When Devanāgarī is used for writing languages other than Sanskrit, conjuncts are used mostly with Sanskrit words and loan words. Native words typically use the basic consonant and native speakers know to suppress the vowel when it is conventional to do so. For example, the native Hindi word karnā is written करना (ka-ra-nā). [60]
36 represented in chisanbop, where four fingers and a thumb are touching the table and the rest of the digits are raised. The three fingers on the left hand represent 10+10+10 = 30; the thumb and one finger on the right hand represent 5+1=6. Counting from 1 to 20 in Chisanbop. Each finger has a value of one, while the thumb has a value of five.
The Hindu–Arabic system is designed for positional notation in a decimal system. In a more developed form, positional notation also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more commonly a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for "these digits recur ad infinitum".