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This in turn results in an increase of blood pressure and blood volume. Aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion is mediated principally by angiotensin II but also by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and local potassium levels.
Serum potassium concentrations are the most potent stimulator of aldosterone secretion. the ACTH stimulation test, which is sometimes used to stimulate the production of aldosterone along with cortisol to determine whether primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency is present. However, ACTH has only a minor role in regulating aldosterone ...
The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for the production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The zona glomerulosa cells express a specific enzyme aldosterone synthase (also known as CYP11B2).
However, mouse zona glomerulosa cells within adrenal slices spontaneously generate membrane potential oscillations of low periodicity; this innate electrical excitability of these cells provides a platform for the production of a recurrent Ca 2+ channels signal that can be controlled by angiotensin II and extracellular potassium, the 2 major ...
It stimulates erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) in the bone marrow. Calcitriol, the activated form of vitamin D, promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and the renal reabsorption of phosphate. Renin is an enzyme which regulates angiotensin and aldosterone levels.
Vitamin D activation occurs in the kidney. PTH up-regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 1-alpha-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for 1-alpha hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, converting vitamin D to its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D). This activated form of vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium (as Ca 2+ ions) by the intestine ...
secosteroid (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3) skin/proximal tubule of kidneys: VDR: Active form of vitamin D 3. Increase absorption of calcium and phosphate from gastrointestinal tract and kidneys inhibit release of PTH. Calcidiol: secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D 3) skin/proximal tubule of kidneys: VDR: Inactive form of vitamin D 3
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone and other steroids. The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydroxylations of the steroid angular methyl group at C18 after initial 11β ...