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The history of Constantinople covers the period from the Consecration of the city in 330, when Constantinople became the new capital of the Roman Empire, to its conquest by the Ottomans in 1453. Constantinople was rebuilt practically from scratch on the site of Byzantium .
474 AD: Great Fire of Constantinople [1] 532 AD: Nika Riots and Fire of Constantinople; 537 AD: Completion of the Hagia Sophia by Justinian I [2] [3] [4] 626 AD: First siege of Constantinople; 674–678 AD: First Arab siege of Constantinople; 717–718 AD: Second Arab siege of Constantinople; 1204 AD: Sack of Constantinople; 1261 AD: Reconquest ...
Constantinople was built over six years, and consecrated on 11 May 330. [6] [39] Constantine divided the expanded city, like Rome, into 14 regions, and ornamented it with public works worthy of an imperial metropolis. [40] Yet, at first, Constantine's new Rome did not have all the dignities of old Rome.
The Sack of Constantinople that took place in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade caused the city to fall and to be established as the capital of the Latin Empire. It also sent the Byzantine imperial dynasty to exile, who founded the Empire of Nicaea. Constantinople came under Byzantine rule again in 1261 who ruled for nearly two centuries.
In the final years of the Byzantine Empire, the population of Constantinople had fallen steadily, throwing the great imperial city into the shadow of its past glory. For Mehmed II , conquest was only the first stage; the second was giving the old city an entirely new cosmopolitan social structure.
After 1204, the Byzantine Empire was partitioned into various successor states, with the Latin Empire in control of Constantinople. Following the Fourth Crusade, the Byzantine Empire had fractured into the Greek successor-states of Nicaea, Epirus, and Trebizond, with a multitude of Frankish and Latin possessions occupying the remainder, nominally subject to the Latin Emperors at Constantinople.
The Empire of Nicaea (Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων) or the Nicene Empire [4] was the largest of the three Byzantine Greek [5] [6] rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled when Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian armed forces during the Fourth Crusade, a military event known as the Sack of Constantinople.
The Reconquest of Constantinople was the recapture of the city of Constantinople in 1261 AD by the forces led by Alexios Strategopoulos of the Empire of Nicaea from Latin occupation, leading to the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, after an interval of 57 years where the city had been made the capital of the occupying Latin Empire that had been installed ...