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Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien among others, is a medication primarily used for the short-term treatment of sleeping problems. [11] [16] Guidelines recommend that it be used only after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and after behavioral changes, such as sleep hygiene, have been tried.
The safety and prescribing information for Ambien warns the medication can be abused or cause dependence, and recommends treatment be as short as possible. In a statement, drugmaker Sanofi says it ...
Both substance use and alcohol can cause both long-term and short-term memory loss, resulting in blackouts. The most commonly used group of prescription drugs which can produce amnesia are benzodiazepines, especially if combined with alcohol, however, in limited quantities, triazolam (Halcion) is not associated with amnesia or memory impairment ...
Long-acting benzodiazepines with long-acting active metabolites, such as diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, are often prescribed for benzodiazepine or alcohol withdrawal as well as for anxiety if constant dose levels are required throughout the day. Shorter-acting benzodiazepines are often preferred for insomnia due to their lesser hangover effect.
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In psychopharmacology, GABA A receptor PAMs used as drugs have mainly sedative and anxiolytic effects. Examples of GABA A PAMs include ethanol, benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), Z-drugs such as zolpidem (Ambien) and the barbiturate drugs.
The effects of an alcohol-related psychosis include an increased risk of depression and suicide as well as psychosocial impairments. [ 2 ] Repeated acute intoxication followed by acute withdrawal is associated with profound behavioural changes and neurobiological alterations in several brain regions.
Their effects range from moderate sedation to total anesthesia according to the doses indicated. Due to the significant adverse effects (i.e. hallucination , agitation , confusion and hangover) and higher risk of overdose, barbiturates are now mostly replaced by benzodiazepine receptor agonists or other somnifacients in clinical practice for ...