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  2. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidliquid_extraction

    A separatory funnel used for liquidliquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquidliquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

  3. Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_guanidinium...

    Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquidliquid extraction technique in biochemistry and molecular biology. It is widely used for isolating RNA (as well as DNA and protein in some cases).

  4. Extraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)

    Boiling tea leaves in water extracts the tannins, theobromine, and caffeine out of the leaves and into the water, as an example of a solid-liquid extraction. Decaffeination of tea and coffee is also an example of an extraction, where the caffeine molecules are removed from the tea leaves or coffee beans, often utilising supercritical fluid ...

  5. Countercurrent distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_distribution

    Countercurrent distribution, therefore, is a method of using a series of vessels (separatory funnels) to separate compounds by a sequence of liquid-liquid extraction operations. Contrary to liquid-liquid extraction, in the CCD instruments the upper phase is decanted from the lower phase once the phases have settled. First, a mixture is ...

  6. Phenol–chloroform extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol–chloroform_extraction

    Aqueous samples, lysed cells, or homogenised tissue are mixed with equal volumes of a phenol:chloroform mixture. This mixture is then centrifuged. Because the phenol:chloroform mixture is immiscible with water, the centrifuge will cause two distinct phases to form: an upper aqueous phase, and a lower organic phase.

  7. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

    Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquidliquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.

  8. Aqueous two-phase system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_two-phase_system

    Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.. ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.

  9. Centrifugal extractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_extractor

    The first liquid-liquid centrifugal contactor was invented by Walter Podbielniak [3] with the patent filed in 1932, then a series of developed models which were and continue to be used for whole variety of processes including solvent extraction of minerals and the purification of vegetable oils, but notably for the production of penicillin in World War II.